Lanfranc of Milan (c. 1250–1315), variously called Guido Lanfranchi, Lanfranco or Alanfrancus, was an Italian cleric, surgeon who set up practice in France.

[3] Lanfranc found employment as surgery lecturer at the Collège de St. Côme, which Louis IX of France had built to elevate the status of surgeons in the medical profession.

Besides setting out the necessary knowledge of anatomy Lanfranc documented his practical experience in treating ulcers, fistulae, fractures and dislocated joints.

[8] Among Parisian professors and lecturers Lanfranc was noted for promoting cleanliness in surgery, instead of encouraging the accumulation of pus in the body of a patient.

[11] In 1314 Henri de Mondeville published his Latin thesis Chirurgia in which he relied on the arguments of Lanfranc to position surgery as medicine.