No municipalities are located in Lawrence Township, although the unincorporated community of Kitts Hill is located in the western part of the township.

Statewide, other Lawrence Townships are located in Stark, Tuscarawas, and Washington counties.

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[5] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.

The vast majority of educational services in Lawrence Township is provided by the Rock Hill Local School District (Pre-K through 12), although smaller portions are served by the Dawson-Bryant Local School District, and the Symmes Valley Local School District.