Located in the far northern part of the county, it borders the following townships: The unincorporated community of Firebrick is located in Washington Township.

[5] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[6] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.

Washington Township's education services (K-12), are provided, for the most part, by the Oak Hill Union Local School District.

A smaller portion of the township is provided services from the Rock Hill Local School District, which offers Pre-K through 12th grades.