Lean services is the application of lean manufacturing production methods in the service industry (and related method adaptations).
Lean services have among others been applied to US health care providers[1] and the UK HMRC.
Lean manufacturing and Services, contrasted by Levitt; "Manufacturing looks for solutions inside the very tasks to be done... Service looks for solutions in the performer of the task."
(T.Levitt, Production-Line Approach to Service, Harvard Business Review, September 1972).
Bicheno & Holweg provides an adapted view on waste for the method ("waste", see Lean manufacturing, waste and The Toyota Way, principle 2):[4][page needed] Shillingburg and Seddon separately provides an additional type of waste for the method:[5][page needed][6][title missing] John Seddon outlines challenges with Lean Services in his paper "Rethinking Lean Service" (Seddon 2009) using examples from the UK tax-authorities HMRC.