Then, from 1903 to 1905, he attended the Prussian Academy of Arts, where his primary instructors were Ernst Herter and Peter Breuer.
In 1905, he was awarded a scholarship by the Michael Beer Foundation that enabled him to spend eight months in Rome at the Villa Strohl-Fern.
[1] In 1919, he had a showing at the first exhibition of a new artists' association called Young Rhineland and moved into his own, private studio.
For the southern wall of the Great Synagogue [de] in Düsseldorf, he designed a memorial in honor of its fallen community members.
In 1933, as a Jew, he was denied membership in the Reichskammer der bildenden Künste [de] by the Reich Chamber of Culture, effectively banning him from his profession.