Letters from Beneath the Gallows

The Letters from the Beneath the Gallows were written in a patriotic tone, calling on Belarusians to resist the Russian Empire by any means.

He proceeds to express his view that separating Belarus from Russia is an urgent matter, stating that derussification will be difficult the longer the Russian Empire rules over the former Commonwealth.

Citing the Polish–Ottoman Wars as a historical example of Belarusians supporting Poland, Kalinowski writes, "As our parents two hundred years ago already said, 'If you have God and His commandments in your heart, help thy neighbour'".

His final remarks advocate that Belarusians to go into battle in the event of any Polish uprising, saying: [...] Go and fight with the whole people for your human and national rights, for your faith, for your native land.

Particularly since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the image of the gallows, as well as Kalinowski's life in general, have become an important part of Belarusian poetry.