Lewis Bayles Paton (June 27, 1864 − January 24, 1932) was an American biblical scholar, archaeologist and historian.

He was a professor at the Hartford Theological Seminary for many years, and a well known authority on Old Testament exegesis.

From 1903 to 1904, Paton was Director of the American School of Oriental Study and Research in Palestine.

At the Hartford Theological Seminary, Paton taught Old Testament exegesis and criticism.

His first wife, Miss Suvia Davison of Hartford, died in 1904, eight years after they were married.