[5] Sometimes a library and a university press based at the same institution will form a partnership, with each focusing on their own area of expertise.
[11] In 1990, academic libraries published two of the first scholarly electronic journals on the Internet.
The University of Houston Libraries began publishing The Public-Access Computer Systems Review [12][13] and the Virginia Tech University Libraries began publishing the Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research.
[14] The Synergies project (2007-2011) was a collaboration between different Canadian universities to create infrastructure to support institutional publishing activities.
[6] In 2011 in the UK, Jisc funded three library publishing projects: Huddersfield Open Access Publishing (HOAP) at the University of Huddersfield, SAS Open Journals at the University of London, and EPICURE at UCL.