Lillian Herald South Tye (January 31, 1879 – September 13, 1966) was an American physician from Bowling Green, Kentucky, who specialized in public health.

South was a pioneer in her work as a bacteriologist, and she was a trailblazer as a female medical professional who broke prevalent gender barriers for women of her time.

When she completed her internship, for a short period of time, she joined a medical practice in Bowling Green with her father who was a physician.

From this position, South became a major influence on public health in the United States through her medical research and training programs.

[1][6] Through her work at the State Board of Health, South's reashearch into hookworms, rabies, and leprosy lowered the incidents of the diseases in Kentucky.

She led a public campaign to eliminate hookworm and is credited for virtually eradicating the once widely prevalent disease from the state.

She studied at Johns Hopkins, Mayo Clinic, the Pasteur Lab in Paris, and the Madame Curie Radium Institute.

She was a delegate to the International Hygiene Congress in Dresden, Germany, and to the Public Health Division of the League of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland.