In 1542 Henry VIII ordered Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland to fortify the site against possible Scottish invasion.

[2] Military engineer Sir Richard Lee saw only a decayed platform and turf rampart when he inspected the area in 1565.

Elizabeth I then had work carried out on the fort, strengthening it and providing gun platforms for the new developments in artillery technology.

The walled garden, which had originally been the garrison's vegetable plot, was designed by Lutyens' long-time friend and collaborator, Gertrude Jekyll between 1906 and 1912.

Between 2002 and 2006 it was restored to Jekyll's original planting plan which is now held in the Reef Collection at the University of California, Berkeley.

This shows a fishing boat from Leith being cut in half in a boatyard in Eyemouth and the two "sheds" being transported to the island and lifted into place by crane.

The Spanish architect Enric Miralles used Lutyens' upturned herring busses as an inspiration for his design of the Scottish Parliament Building in Edinburgh.

Lutyens's original slope was unprotected by either rails or fences in an attempt to emphasise the exposed nature of the site.

Throughout the castle, he has used stone, brick, slate and wood to create simple forms, and uses textures to demonstrate a rustic, spartan life-style.

Despite being a castle it remains a homely space where the human scale is room size, but with incongruous architectural elements.

The wide chimney-piece contains an old bread-oven; here Lutyens has emphasised the age of the room with Neo-Gothic traceried windows framed by curtains which swing out to lie flat along the wall.