[2] Born in Martinsburg, Virginia to James Lingan and Emily Strother, he attended the Shenandoah Valley Academy from 1873 to 1876.
[3] Randolph started his career working for various railroads as test engineer and made it superintendent of motive power of the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.
In 1893 he was appointed Professor of Mechanical Engineering from 1893 at Virginia Tech, where he retired in 1918.
[2] Randolph was Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers since his election on May 2, 1888.
In the 1895 article "The Economic Element in Technical Education," Randolph advocated "the discussion of the commercial side of engineering problems, and the undesirability of making computations to an unnecessary degree of precision.