Liostenogaster flavolineata

[1] This hairy-faced hover wasp species is predominantly found in South Asian rain forests, especially in Malaysia.

Some worker wasps, known as "helpers", will move between multiple nests in an attempt to improve their position in the dominance hierarchy.

Like other hover wasp species belonging to this subfamily, Liostenogaster flavolineata is known for its small colonies and primitive social organization.

Since these wasps are located in the Southeast Asian rainforest, they are not subjected to seasonal variations in climate, other than rainfall.

Because Liostenogaster flavolineata is a primitive eusocial species the female offspring get to decide if they will stay in their mother's nest and become helpers or if they will become floaters.

[5] These wasps are primarily studied in Malaysia, and area which has a typical wet and dry season.

[6] Since Liostenogaster flavolineata is located in a tropical climate it is aseasonal and does not have a colony cycle,[6] and does not have any specific timing for building new nests or breeding.

More than 50% of individual female foundings fail, so it is more beneficial to either stay and become a helper or to become a floater and find a new established nest.

[8] The females that do not currently hold the position of queen but remain in the nest are called helpers, and the labor of foraging is divided amongst them.

[7] Liostenogaster flavolineata are usually only aggressive when another floater female enters the nest and threatens the established age hierarchy.

[6] The nests of a Liostenogaster flavolineata are covered in a distinct mixture of cuticular hydrocarbons similar to those found on the cuticle of wasp members.

In addition, female L. flavolineata produce secretions from their Dufour’s gland that also contain compounds that occur in the cuticle.

Small colony with two females of L. flavolineata built under a rock (Pahang State, Peninsular Malaysia).