List of Jim Crow law examples by state

Jim Crow laws existed throughout the United States and originated from the Black Codes that were passed from 1865 to 1866 and from before the American Civil War.

They mandated de jure segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for Americans of African descent.

In reality, this led to treatment that was usually inferior to that provided for Americans of European descent, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages.

1927: Education [Statute] In areas with 25 or more black high school students, an election would be called to determine if these pupils should be segregated in separate but equal facilities.

1942: Miscegenation [Judicial Decision] Supreme Court of Arizona interprets anti-miscegenation statute in a manner which prohibits persons of mixed racial heritage from marrying anyone.

[citation needed] In 1850 California statute provided that "no black, mulatto person, or Indian, shall be allowed to give evidence in favor of, or against a white man."

In 1854, the Supreme Court of California held that the statute precluded persons of Chinese descent from testifying for or against a white man.

1901: Miscegenation [Statute] The 1850 law prohibiting marriage between white persons and Negroes or mulattoes was amended, adding "Mongolian."

If not a sufficient number of students to organize a separate school, trustees were to find other means of educating black children.

1904: Education It was unlawful to maintain or operate any college, school, or institution where persons of the white and African American races are both allowed to attend.

1948: Barred School Segregation This law did not allow African American physicians and nurses to take postgraduate courses in public hospitals and Louisville.

These conditions are that if comparable courses were not available at Kentucky's African American College in Frankfort, KY and the school's governing body had to approve of this act.

1956: Recreation All businesses were prohibited from permitting any dancing, social functions, entertainments, athletic training, games, sports or contests on their premises in which the participants are members of the white and African American races.

[18] 1890* separate car act and Violations of the law were a misdemeanor crime punishable by a fine of at most $25 or twenty days in jail

The Board of Trustees of any district could establish a separate school for educating Negroes, Asians, and Indians, if deemed advisable.

White persons found to be living with the above-mentioned groups would be fined between $100 and $500, or confined in the county jail from six months to one year, or both.

In 1953, the state enacted a law requiring that race be considered in adoption decisions which was supplanted in 1996 by Ohio's implementation of the federal multiethnic placement act (MEPA), by an administrative rule which is still in place as of February, 2021.

(Martin Luther King, Jr. NHS) Enacted two miscegenation laws in 1867 and 1930 prohibiting intermarriage between whites and blacks, Chinese, Kanakas or any person having more than one half Indian blood.

This law reflected the nation's growing tension over the massive waves of immigrants entering the country during the early twentieth century.

1913: Miscegenation [Statute] Law expanded to prohibit marriage between whites and persons belonging to the "African, Corean [Korean], Malayan, or Mongolian race."

1870: Miscegenation [Statute] Penalty for intermarriage between whites and blacks was labeled a felony, punishable by imprisonment in the penitentiary from one to five years.

1865: Juneteenth [Constitution] The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free.

1876: Voting rights [Constitution] Required electors to pay poll tax 1879: Miscegenation [Statute] Confirmed intermarriage law passed in 1858.

1922: Voting Rights [Statute] "...in no event shall a Negro be eligible to participate in a Democratic party primary election held in the State of Texas. "

1956: Public accommodations [Municipal Ordinance] Abolished previously required segregation in the city of San Antonio's swimming pools and other recreational facilities.

1960: Miscegenation [State Code] Strictly Prohibited marriage or living together as man and wife between racially mixed persons.

Penalty: One to ten years imprisonment in county jail, or fine Five miscegenation laws were passed in Utah between 1851 and 1953, prohibiting intermarriage between whites and those of African or Asian descent.

This point-blank requirement for segregated schools was proclaimed in West Virginia's State Constitution as Article XII Section 8.

1908: Intermarriage [Statute] All marriages of white persons with Negroes, Mulattos, Mongolians, or Malaya hereafter contracted in the State of Wyoming are and shall be illegal and void.

(Martin Luther King, Jr. NHS) 1931: Education [Statute] Schools to be segregated only when fifteen or more colored children were in a district.