List of Roman external wars and battles

The following is a list of Roman external wars and battles[1] fought by the ancient Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire against external enemies, organized by date.

For internal civil wars, revolts and rebellions, see List of Roman civil wars and revolts.

The 5th century involves the final fall of the Western Roman Empire to Goths, Vandals, Alans, Huns, Franks and other peoples.

The city of Rome in 753 BC
508 BC Siege by Etruscans (forces in blue) of Rome (forces in red).
Roman expansion in Italy from 500 BC to 218 BC through the Latin War (light red), Samnite Wars (pink/orange), Pyrrhic War (beige), and First and Second Punic War (yellow and green). Cisalpine Gaul (238-146 BC) and Alpine valleys (16-7 BC) were later added. The Roman Republic in 500 BC is marked with dark red.
Expansion of Rome by 200 BC
Expansion of Rome from 200 BC (green) to 100 BC (orange).
Roman holdings in the East (orange), clients (yellow), and other states.
The extent of the Roman Republic in 40 BC after Caesar's conquests.
Sub-Saharan Roman expeditions-explorations
The Roman Empire under Augustus: The Republic in 31 BC (yellow) and Augustus's conquests (shades of green). Client states are in pink.
British Campaigns of Agricola , 78 – 84
The extent of the Roman Empire under Trajan (117)
Empire
Dependencies [ 12 ]
The Empires of Gaul (green), Rome (red), and Palmyra (yellow) in 271.
The Roman Empire in 337, showing the Empire under Constantine (shaded purple) and other Roman dependencies (light purple).
Map showing the paths of invasion by various groups into Eastern and Western Roman territory
Reconstruction of the 407–409 sack of Gaul, based on Peter Heather (2005)