The overall color is black apart from a pair of yellow lateral stripes running from the snout to the groin, where there is a red or orange patch.

This includes presence of labial tooth rows, unique papillae, differently shaped choanae, a long muscular tail, terminal oral disc position, and girthier trabeculae carneae.

[12] Lithodytes lineatus breeds in temporary pools, building foam nests in which the female lays 100 to 300 eggs.

Additionally, ant nests provide a stable microenvironment of higher humidity than other environments, which is thought to be essential for reproduction and is optimal for frog egg development.

Another possibility could be that these frogs are consuming competitors, enemies, and predatory insects of Atta cephalotes, thus decreasing competition and potentially benefiting the ants.

Atta ants mainly feed on fungal symbionts growing within their nests and do not require other prey, so consumption of frog eggs in this inter-genus association is not a concern.

The male moves its legs in a motion resembling a windshield wiper, mixing air into the jelly to create foam around the fertilized eggs.

[15] The foam nests of Lithodytes lineatus are found in dry areas or seasonally wet environments of high temperature and fluctuating water levels.

[17] Additionally, foam nests provide a thermal environment of elevated temperature and moisture, which allow eggs and larvae to develop rapidly.

[19] The surfactant proteins are theorized to have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains located at the air-water interface, allowing the formation of foam.

[19] Assays performed on this protein revealed that the presence of multiple disulfide bridges in its structure conveys high stability.

Snakes cannot easily swallow the nest, mammals, on the other hand, pay little attention, and insects such as ants, wasps, and beetles often become trapped in the foam and die.

[12] Mating adults are most commonly found on the forest floor calling in close proximity to Atta nests.

[8] Researchers have shown that the ability of L. lineatus to safely exist in leaf-cutting Atta ant nests is connected to a biochemical compounds present in the skin of L.

[20] When coated with Lineatus skin extracts, Rhinella major frogs are significantly protected from ant attack.

[20] There is no observable difference between male and female skin extracts, suggesting that both sexes secrete the compound required to prevent attack by leafcutter ants.

[20] This phenomenon is not specific to L. lineatus as similar observations have been recorded in Phrynomantis microps, the West-African savanna frog, and Paltothyreus tarsatus, commonly known as Ponerine ants.

[21] Recent studies have identified potential amino acids responsible for the lack of attack by these Ponerine ants.

[9] Lithodytes lineatus has been considered non-toxic and its morphological similarity to the poison dart frog Ameerega picta has resulted in conclusions of Batesian mimicry between the two organisms.

However, studies of the skin and poison glands of L. lineatus revealed a limited diversity of proteins and peptides that potentially have toxic effects.

[8] Furthermore, the poison glands of L. lineatus are concentrated in the head and colored bands of the dorsum (yellow stripes and orange spots).

[17] The recent finding of potentially poisonous characteristics in L. lineatus has resulted in a re-definition of the association between this species and A. picta.

[22] Benzocaine, a local anesthetic, is frequently orally administered in lethal dosages to humanely kill anurans for study.