[3] The Kingdom of Chen (roughly present-day Zhoukou, Henan) was a fiefdom granted to Liu Xian (劉羨), the second son of Emperor Ming of Han.
[5] Liu Chong was described to be an energetic character who was skilled with the crossbow, even authoring a treatise on the subject, Nushe Bifa (弩射袐法).
The eunuch Wang Fu presided over the investigations, and found that while the ceremonies made to Huang–Lao had been improper, there were no grounds for charges of impiety against Liu Chong and Wei Yin.
[6] He moved his troops north to Yangxia commandery (陽夏; present-day Taikang County) to join the anti-Dong Zhuo blockade,[8] but as the coalition fell apart and its leaders began to fight amongst themselves, Liu Chong returned to Chen.
After being defeated by the forces of Lü Bu, Yuan Shu could not feed his army and requested supplies from the Chen fief.