[5] H-NS silences LEE genes via rigid filament structures bound to the DNA that Ler disrupts and replaces through unknown mechanisms.
[1] Integration host factor is also a direct activator of ler and binds upstream of its promoter.
LuxS is an important protein involved in quorum sensing, particularly in the synthesis of autoinducer molecules.
Quorum-sensing E. coli regulator A (QseA) is found in LuxS systems and activates transcription of ler.
[3] Fis, a nucleoid associated protein essential for EPEC's ability to form attaching and effacing lesions, partly acts through activation of Ler expression.