A 2,600-year-old Zoroastrian fire temple was found at Mes Aynak (about 25 miles or 40  kilometers southeast of Kabul).

Like other parts of the country, Logar has also seen heavy fighting since the Soviets started a crackdown against the elders of the Ahmadzai tribe during the 1980s.

[7] Soviet operations included using bombing, the use of flammable liquids to burn alive people in hiding, poisoning of drinking water, and destruction of crops and farmland.

One writer who witnessed the events argues that the Soviet actions in Logar amounted to genocide.

On 19 August 2014, a major Taliban offensive took place with 700 insurgents aiming to take control of the province,[8] while the NATO-led foreign force mistakenly killed three civilians in an airstrike in December 2014.

[9] On 20 January 2019, the Taliban claimed responsibility for a car bomb attack on the province's governor and his convoy, which killed eight security forces and wounded at least 10 on the highway to Kabul.

Logar can be generally described as a relatively flat river valley in the north and central regions, surrounded by rugged mountains to the east, south, and southwest.

The district of Azra, in the east, consists almost entirely of mountains, while travel to the Paktia Province to the south is limited to the Tera Pass, a 2896 m high road that was recently completed as part of the international reconstruction effort in Afghanistan.

Additional projects include numerous schools, radio stations, government facilities, and a major Afghan National Police base situated south of the city.

During the tenure of President Ashraf Ghani the city gained electricity, clean drinking and water facilities.

Agriculture, commerce and services, and livestock products account for the majority of commercial operations.

Wheat, maize, potatoes, alfalfa, clover, and other feed are among the most significant field crops.

To access their nearest health center, the majority of the populace must travel 5 to 10 kilometers.

[12] The overall literacy rate in Logar province was 21% in 2005 however, while nearly one-third (31%) of men are literate this is true for just under one-tenth (9%) of women.

Due to the large Taliban presence in Chark and Baraki Barak, the freedom of women in Logar does not always allow for an education.

It is a multi-ethnic tribal society, while about 60% of its residents are made up by Pashtuns, whereas the remainder are Tajiks and Hazaras.

Among the active national players hailing from Logar are: Mohammad Nabi (captain of the national team), Shahpoor Zadran, Hashmatullah Shahidi, Nasir Jamal Ahmadzai and Gulbadin Naib Ahmadzai.