The park is named for Longhorn Cavern, a limestone cave formed by the cutting action of an underground river that receded thousands of years ago.

In the late 1920s and early 30s the cavern was used by area residents as a nightclub with shows being broadcast via radio back to San Antonio.

[6] In 2006, Steven Kurtz, curator of Longhorn Cavern State Park, re-introduced chamber music to the cave with the creation of the Simple Sounds concert series.

[7] Not until February 14, 2008, did dancers return to the cave floor when local Burnet County band Redneck Jedi performed.

[11] There is over a mile of nature trails in the park which are home to a wide variety of birds, including the endangered golden-cheeked warbler and black-capped vireo.