Houses in the road were originally leased between 1887 and 1890 as part of the North Oxford estate of St John's College.
[1][2] The street was named in 1890–1, probably after the village of Longworth, historically in Berkshire and now in Oxfordshire, with St John's College connections.
[3] At the southwestern end, at the junction with Walton Well Road, a drinking fountain was installed in 1885 on the site of a water spring.
[4] It was erected by William Ward, who was earlier Mayor of Oxford for the years 1851 and 1861.
[5] The fountain was designed by Harry Wilkinson Moore, architect of many of the houses in the adjoining Southmoor Road, and carved in Portland stone by McCulloch of London.