Vertical loop

Vertical loops weren't attempted again until the design of Great American Revolution at Six Flags Magic Mountain, which opened in 1976.

[citation needed] In 2000, a modern looping wooden roller coaster was built, the Son of Beast at Kings Island.

[7][8] On June 22, 2013, Six Flags Magic Mountain introduced Full Throttle, a steel launch coaster with a 160-foot (49 m) loop, the tallest in the world at the time of its opening.

[9] As of 2016[update], the largest vertical loop is located on Flash, a roller coaster produced by Mack Rides at Lewa Adventure in Shaanxi, China.

[10][11] The record is shared by Hyper Coaster in Turkey's Land of Legends theme park, built in 2018, which is identical to Flash at Lewa Adventure.

[13] Since then, multiple installations of the slide, named the AquaLoop and constructed by companies including Polin, Klarer, Aquarena and WhiteWater West, have appeared in many parks.

A commonly used shape is the clothoid loop, which resembles an inverted tear drop and allows for less intense G-forces throughout the element for the rider.

If the curvature of the track changes suddenly, as from level to a circular loop, the greatest force is imposed almost instantly (see jerk).

Vertical loop on the Shockwave coaster at Six Flags Over Texas
An early looping roller coaster, the Flip Flap Railway at Coney Island
Edwin Prescott's Loop-the-Loop
Loop in Disney California Adventure's Incredicoaster (formerly California Screamin')
Most vertical loops are not circular.