[7][8] Evidence from Milankovitch cycles suggests that the length of an Earth day during this epoch was approximately 22 hours.

[10] Conodonts would reach their all-time low during this period, despite this, they are recovered from most marine Permian localities.

[13] Eurypterids were nearly extinct by this point, consisting of the possibly Lopingian Campylocephalus permicus of Russia; and the Changhsingian Woodwardopterus?

[14] A member of the extant Horseshoe crab family, Limulidae; Guangyuanolimulus appears at the end of the period.

Herbivorous animals of the Lopingian include the pareiasaurs such as Scutosaurus or dicynodonts, such as Dicynodon.