Louise Celia "Lulu" Fleming (January 28, 1862 – June 20, 1899) was an American physician.

[7] When Fleming was young, her father fought with the Union Army during the American Civil War and died after two years of service.

[8] In December of 1877, Fleming converted to Christianity at age 15 at the Bethel Baptist Institutional Church in Jacksonville.

[6][12] With the idea of alleviating illness in the Congo, Fleming enrolled in the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP) in Philadelphia in 1891.

[14][5] Fleming returned to her mission in the Congo, becoming the only African American woman doctor in the country.