Since 2009, Wrocław's authorities have been developing the system, operated primarily by Polregio and the regional Koleje Dolnośląskie company.

The initiative addresses urban growth, insufficient public transport, suburban migration, traffic congestion, and air pollution.

Central factors include the financing of railway infrastructure development on interregional lines and its management, while local factors involve reliance on EU funding, the financial capacity of local governments, cooperation between business entities, and technical, spatial, and social conditions.Both in Wrocław and in Lower Silesia, towns often developed independently of railway routes.

The lack of connections is a major cause of difficulties, and in some cases even makes it impossible to use railway lines, especially for local traffic.

Within Wrocław, the length of tracks used by regional trains is about 75 km, and the city is connected by lines in 11 directions,[1] which is one of the best indicators in Poland.

Another important aspect is suburbanization, or the movement of residents from the city to the suburbs and towns within the broader metropolitan area, such as Pęgów, Mokronos Górny, or Ramiszów.

Residents of many suburban areas have difficulty entering the city during rush hours, particularly in the eastern and southern parts.

[10] The operators of the Wrocław metropolitan railway are two entities: Koleje Dolnośląskie, a company owned by the Marshal of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, and Polregio (formerly Przewozy Regionalne until 2016), which services lines to Oława, Strzelin, Oleśnica, Wołów, and partially to Żmigród.

Such initiatives are still in the trial phase: the first was an agreement between 28 local governments on October 26, 2011, facilitated by the authorities of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship.

The goal is to achieve functional, organizational, and financial integration of public collective transport in Wrocław and the surrounding agglomeration.

[5] A chance for the development of the metropolitan railway has come from the possibility of European Union funding: with this money, local authorities are preparing both the infrastructure and rolling stock.

For example, the purchase of rolling stock in 2016–2017 cost 258 million PLN, with 80% funded by the European Union under the Regional Operational Program.

Surrounding it are satellite cities: Trzebnica, Oleśnica, Jelcz-Laskowice, Siechnice, Oława, Strzelin, Sobótka, Kąty Wrocławskie, Środa Śląska, Brzeg Dolny, Wołów, Oborniki Śląskie, and Żmigród.

Wrocław is a city of over half a million people in the southwest of Poland, the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship.

[18][19] The city offers job and educational opportunities attractive to both its residents and newcomers, including those living in the agglomeration; the unemployment rate is 3.5%,[20] one of the lowest in the country.

For several years, Wrocław has been experiencing suburbanization, with residents moving to towns located near the city, while the population of the agglomeration remains stable.