Ludwig Karl Schmarda

[1] In 1853 he published a pre-Darwinian work, Die geographische verbreitung der thiere, on the geographical distributions of animals which looked at both marine and terrestrial environments.

He studied medicine and science at the Josephinum, now part of the Medical University of Vienna, particularly interested in zoology, graduating in 1843 as "Dr Med et Chir.

[1] In 1843 Schmarda was appointed Chief Field Physician to the dragoon regiment, a mounted infantry ("Dragonerregiment"), and at the same time acted as assistant to "special natural history" at the Josephsakademie.

His scientific results were published in two volumes under the title Neue wirbellose thiere beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer reise um die erde 1853 bis 1857.

[1] Schmarda is credited with being the first scientist to have published the observation that microorganisms respond to light in 1845,[4] which is considered the foundation for the development of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation.