Ludwigsau's 13 Ortsteile are Beenhausen, Biedebach, Ersrode, Friedlos, Gerterode, Hainrode, Meckbach, Mecklar, Niederthalhausen, Oberthalhausen, Reilos, Rohrbach and Tann.

After a short time, these areas, along with further villages that until now had been self-administering, were melded into the greater community of Ludwigsau.

The municipal election held on 26 March 2006 yielded the following results: The community's executive (Gemeindevorstand) is made up of eight members, with five seats allotted to the SPD and three to the CDU.

In the industrial area on the Fulda floodplain in Mecklar-Meckbach there has been since 2007 the DHL Exel Supply Chain with its own building.

This convinced the electrical firm Iberdrola to build a gas and steam power plant here.