Neuenstein (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏənˌʃtaɪn] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district of northeastern Hesse, Germany.

The community lies in the Knüllgebirge (range) in the drainage basin of the Geisbach, which rises here and only 10 km from here, in Bad Hersfeld, empties into the Fulda.

The first documentary mention of any of the constituent communities came in 852 when Aua (Owe) was named in one of the Hersfeld Abbey’s donation documents.

On 24 July 1318, the castle, which had since become a den for robber barons, was destroyed by Hessian Landgrave Otto’s troops as well as the Hersfeld Abbot Simon I of Buchenau’s and Count Johann I of Ziegenhain’s men, and also Eberhard von Breuberg’s, who was the state justice of the peace and Imperial state Vogt.

The municipal election held on 26 March 2006 yielded the following results: After the greater community's formation, Konrad Käberich took charge of the mayor's job from December 1972 to August 1973.