When the station was opened, the only settlements near it were two small localities called Damsdorf and Ludwigsfelde, which were a few hundred metres to the east.

The present town of Ludwigsfelde was established in the 20th century, and its centre is located to the west of the station.

At the opening of Anhalt Railway in 1841 a water station for the supply of steam locomotives was built in Ludwigsfelde as well as in neighbouring Großbeeren.

[4] At first, patronage in Ludwigsfelde was not strong, unlike in Großbeeren, due to the small population nearby, so that the railway company was considering closing the station in 1846.

However, a number of villages in the area were easily accessible from Ludwigsfelde station due to its excellent road connections.

This was about 100 metres north of the old station, which was right on the level crossing with the street that is now called Potsdamer Straße.

With the opening of the Daimler-Benz car factory in Genshagen, Ludwigsfelde became an important industrial centre and the number of inhabitants multiplied.

Because of the war, the suburban line was electrified only as far as Lichterfelde Süd, so commuter trains to Ludwigsfelde had to be switched from the Berlin S-Bahn and then be hauled by steam locomotives.

Until the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961, only S-Bahn services remained in operation to Teltow station, where passengers could change to continue to Ludwigsfelde.

Other passenger operations as well as freight traffic used a connection to the Berlin Outer Ring, which was opened in the early 1950s, that had been built to the north of Ludwigsfelde.

The completion of the following sections could not be carried out as planned due to a lack of transformer capacity, but with the commissioning of the catenary to Berlin-Schöneweide on 2 May and to Berlin-Lichtenberg on 30 September 1984, the locomotive change in Ludwigsfelde was largely abandoned.

Approximately the same number of trains connected Ludwigsfelde with Schönefeld airport, some also continued to Berlin-Schöneweide or other Berlin stations.

At times in the 1990s through trains ran from Ludwigsfelde to Potsdam Pirschheide station, but they were discontinued after a few years due to lack of demand.

The regional services towards Berlin-Schönefeld Airport station were abandoned with the exception of a train on weekend nights.

The listed station building, which is located on the western side of the railway tracks, dates from 1886.

After 1939, the station has had a side platform on the passing tracks for freight trains, which could be reached by a footbridge.

[9] It led not only to the island platform but continued to the freight facilities on the east side of the station area.

North of the station building there is still a platform on the track used for overtaking movements, which is used mostly for trains beginning or ending in Ludwigsfelde and running to and from Berlin.

Ludwigsfelde station received a new interlocking of the GS II sp64 class, with an existing signalbox being used as the operations room.