Luigi was born as a younger son of Michele de' Medici (fifth Prince of Ottajano and fifth Duke of Sarno) (1719-1770) and his wife Carmela Filomarino (1725-1805).

In 1794, under extreme pressure from Maria Carolina and the prime minister Sir John Acton, the King created a Giunta di Stato, a tribunal consisting of seven judges set up to investigate all those suspected of having contacts with freemasons and Jacobins.

On February 25, 1795, he was summoned by the sovereigns to the Royal Palace of Caserta to be questioned by the Council of State concerning his alleged role in a Jacobin conspiracy.

[2] In April 1799, after the proclamation of the Parthenopean Republic (1799), Medici was arrested as a suspected royalist, but was freed from prison during the Bourbon Restoration.

Medici ordered the coasts to be watched, and Murat was captured, sentenced to death, and shot by firing squad in Pizzo Calabro on 13 October 1815.

The Concordat restored ecclesiastical courts to deal with offences by priests, placed censorship in the hands of the bishops, and re-established many monasteries that were suppressed during the Napoleonic period.

The Carbonari, a secret society of republican, anti-papal forces, started to grow at an alarming rate and soon affected a large part of the army.

After the outbreak of the revolution Medici resigned his office and retired to Rome, where he remained for some time after the return of the king of Naples.

He found himself obliged to contract a new loan with the house of Rothschild for two millions and a half pounds sterling, for which customs and other indirect taxes were imposed.