[1][2] Beyond microscopic examination for cellular morphology and architecture, special stains and cultures can be performed on the tissue obtained.

[3] A lung biopsy can be performed percutaneously (through the skin, typically guided by a CT Scan), via bronchoscopy with ultrasound guidance, or by surgery, either open or by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).

[6] Any approach to lung biopsy risks causing a pneumothorax.

The precise risk of pneumothorax depends on technique and on underlying lung disease, as certain lung diseases such as COPD can increase the risk of pneumothorax.

Therefore, target lesions near the back of the lungs are usually avoided if possible, and the puncture should be as near to the superior margin of the ribs as possible during biopsy.