The village of Mątwy (German: 'Montwy') is located about 8 km south of Inowrocław in northern Poland.

In 1666, Mątwy was the site of a battle in which the army of King John II Casimir Vasa was defeated in a rebellion led by Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski known as 'Lubomirski's Rokosz'.

After the German defeat in World War I and the Treaty of Versailles becoming effective in 1920, the area was returned to Poland.

Following the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939 and the establishment of the Reichsgau Wartheland, from 1940 onwards many prisoners of war were stationed in Mątwy.

From December 1942 to August 1943 this included a Jewish forced labour camp working in the caustic soda factory.