The M. F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum (Ukrainian: Харківський історичний музей імені М. Ф. Сумцова, Kharkivskyi Istorychnyi Muzei Imeni M. F. Sumtsova) is a history museum located in Kharkiv, Ukraine.

The collection of Kharkiv University Museum started to accumulate in 1804.

Its ethnographic collection was one of the largest and best among all city museums in Russian Empire.

The World War II was a heavy blow to the museum's collections.

On June 18, 2015, the museum was named after its founder and first director — Mykola Sumtsov.