Khan completed his matriculation from Thakurgaon High School in 1963, obtaining sixth position in the combined merit list.

Later, he finished his higher secondary school certificate examination from Pabna Edward College in 1965.

He moved to the UK in 1972 to pursue his doctoral studies with Commonwealth Scholarship and completed his PhD in physics in 1977 from Royal Holloway, University of London.

Khan joined the Department of Applied Physics in University of Rajshahi as a lecturer in 1970 and retired as a professor in 2012.

He also worked as a researcher at International Centre for Theoretical Physics and Brunel University London (with EEC fellowship).

As a member of the Bangladeshi delegation, he played an important role in the declaration of February 21 as the International Mother Language Day by UNESCO in 1999, in Paris.