Magnetic pulse welding

Repulsive Lorentz forces are created and a high magnetic pressure well beyond the material yield strength causes acceleration of one of the work pieces to velocities of up to 500 m/s (1,100 mph) upon collision.

This leads to a solid state weld due to the microstructure refinement (dislocation cells, slip bands, micro twins and local recrystallization).

Although experimental measurements using laser velocimetry methods provide an accurate assessment of the flyer velocity; one example of such measurement is Photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV); numerical computation offers a better description of the flyer velocity in terms of spatial and temporal distribution.

[4][5] A 3D example model used for LS-DYNA simulation is also used, and it also provides some details of the physical interactions of the process, the governing equations, the resolution procedure, and both boundary and initial conditions.

[citation needed] The model is used to show the capability of 3D computation to predict the process behavior and particularly, the flyer kinematics and macroscopic deformation.