Maine ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized.

State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of vital public services, and support to civil defense.

The Maine Air National Guard origins date to the formation of the 132d Fighter Squadron at Dow Army Airfield, Bangor, receiving federal recognition on 4 February 1947.

Two years later the 101st FG was reorganized into a Wing-Base in order to standardize the Guard units with their active duty counterparts.

This provided for additional supporting medical, service, transportation and base operating elements.The 101st Fighter Group was federalized and ordered to active service on 10 February 1951 as a result of the Korean War, being assigned to the Eastern Air Defense Force, Air Defense Command (ADC).

The Maine State ANG Headquarters, Camp Keyes, Augusta was organized and federally recognized on 19 March 1952.

On 15 April 1956 the 101st FG was put on duty in New Hampshire until December 1960, when it was reassigned and reactivated in the State of Maine.

In August 1990 selected Maine ANG units were mobilized in support of the Operation Desert Storm.