[1] JGMV is found to be a contributor - and the other viruses are briefly reviewed and bibliography provided - by Stewart et al.
This is the location of Stewart et al. 2017's discovery that JGMV contributes – they also review and provide a bibliography as to SCMV and MDMV.
MLND symptoms can be confused with symptoms of nutrient deficiency but plants affected by MLND appear only in some areas and are scattered or clumped in a field while nutrient deficiency appears on many plants over large areas of a field.
Late infected plants don't tassel and tend to produce poor grain filled cobs.
[6] MLND presence in a field is also found by Parsons and Munkvold 2010 to increase susceptibility to ear rot conditions.
[6][7][8] The Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ethiopia recommend uprooting and burning of diseased plants.
Text taken from Plantwise Factsheets for Farmers: Control vectors of Maize Lethal Necrotic Disease, Joyce G. Kessy, CABI.
Text taken from Plantwise Factsheet for Farmers: Prevention and detection of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease, Hiwot Lemma, Daniel W. Michael, Mhreteab Tsegay, CABI.
Text taken from PMDG: Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) (Ethiopia), Kassahun Sedessa (EIAR), Mebrahtom G/kidan (TBoARD), Habtie Abate (S/Gondar Agri Dept, Amhara), CABI.