[1][2] Despite widespread use of the term in clinical trials, the definitions of MACE can differ, which makes comparison of similar studies difficult.
[7] Yet another study defined MACE as "CV death, hospitalization for HF, or myocardial infarction (MI)".
[8] The heterogeneity of the sets defining MACE, hampering systematic reviews and meta-analyses, has been repeatedly criticized.
More recently, additional risk indicators have been identified, e. g. type 2 allostatic load,[12] high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, d-dimer level,[13] renal failure,[14] consumption of salt as sodium chloride,[6] and altered thyroid function.
[19][20] One of those studies defined MACE as the composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death.