[3] Young, smart, exuberant, and impulsive, Mangi Meli resembled his father in many ways when he assumed the throne thirty years previously.

Marealle, the less well-known younger man, had previously regarded Mangi Rindi as old, venerable, and famous; however, with Meli's arrival, the age relation was reversed.

Moreover, the Moshi and Kilema people openly poked fun at him for pandering to his European acquaintances, suggesting that they thought the Germans had made an odd decision.

[11] Traditional stories claim that he devised the Marealle strategy around a communication von Bulow in Marangu wanted to transmit to Moshi, which would eventually lead to the German military capture of Meli.

Despite speaking Kichagga and Swahili simultaneously, they were unable to understand one another, and Mawalla did not try to explain the situation, even though he could do so Finally, the soldier took control of the potatoes and fled.

The incident was essentially a pre-planned prank planned by Marealle and executed by Mawalla in the hopes that the Germans would send Moshi to hell by enforcing discipline and demonstrating their strength.

Without telling Marealle what he was planning, Von Bulow called for a guide and porters to take him to Moshi via the plain to avoid the walk his messenger had to make via Kirua.

[16] Von Bulow's death and the escape of his remaining askaris had the effect of ending German rule on Kilimanjaro for 51 days in 1892, from June 10 to July 31.

The day after the Germans left, other people traveled to Kirema and, while seated at the bank of the river that separates Kilema from Marangu, mockingly yelled across: "Melyari (marealle), go see your father, the white man.

While he had previously been terrified, he was now in awe at the idea that Meli had defeated the all-powerful white guy despite his well-trained warriors and better military equipment.

Due to his actions, not just Moshi but also the two intervening kingdoms of Kirua and Kilema, who had similar reasons to despise him, deserted the Marangu Station, leaving him at the mercy of his foes.

[20] Marealle dispatched agents to the shore delivering a message from Blanchard to the Governor asking for German troops to take back the position and put down Meli's resurgence.

In 1959, Mangoto Hussein, also known by his alias Manfalili, one of the ambassadors who was almost a century old and regarded as the oldest man in Kilimanjaro at the time, presented an account of this expedition.

Marealle provided the troops with supplies early on and this time gave them a reliable guide who knew the best route to take to Meli's boma for a surprise attack.

Kiboko, a Moshi man who had previously served as chief ambassador to the coast and thus knew the protocol, subsequently raised the flag of surrender.

Col. von Schele gave the orders for the 800 Kibosho warriors to enter the abandoned dwellings, burn them on fire, and drive away any remaining cattle the following day, on August 13.

[26] In addition, Meli had to pay a fine for cattle and provide the labor and materials for the Germans' decision to erect a sizable new headquarters in Moshi.

He had succeeded in destroying the reputations of the Kilema and Kirua kingdoms and his great enemy Moshi in their eyes, and they accepted, without doubt, his version of the events that had led to the "Chagga insurrection.

Johannes was commandant of the new Moshi station following the battle, a position that was completed right away using the stone that had previously made up the 2-meter-high walls surrounding the bomas of Meli and Rindi.

As the 1890s went on, the Germans started to believe that out of the 40 kings of Kilimanjaro, Marealle of Marangu, Meli of Moshi, and Mangi Sina of Kibosho were the most dependable and trustworthy.

[31] Marealle continued to view Moshi and Kibosho, still-powerful kingdoms, as the two biggest challenges to his ambitions despite having attained power and position and being supported by the Germans.

When Johannes called all Chagga leaders and levies of their men to join him in a vengeful expedition against the Arusha in February 1900, he had already made up his mind to hang the alleged traitors.

The fact that Meli and the other accused didn't quickly flee north out of German East Africa to Nairobi may have been due to the same men acting as double agents.

When the threatened kings were first denied their fair share of the German loot—the cattle of the Arusha—and then granted it, Meli and his friends may have argued that this revealed the plot to be fiction.

Eyewitnesses Moshi and Kibosho made a point of mentioning that Mangi Meli died bravely while reliving the incident in 1959, a very uncommon instance of the Chagga using this term to describe the deed of any individual.

[41] In remembering, it is believed that Sudi had no parallel in terms of build, intelligence, or activity; but, as soon as he was named mangi har, he turned dim and began to hide anytime a European passed by.

The son of Rindi's former war chief, Joseph Merinyo, supported Abraham and was well-positioned to push his cause because he worked as the Boma's clerk and interpreter.

People in Moshi were now being deliberately told rumors that Meli's problems were caused by the dying curse of his deceased sibling Krirta.

Following his death, the German colonial administration ordered his head to be removed and it is believed to have been sent to Berlin by Felix von Luschan to be used in phrenological studies.

[44] Lt. Col. Moritz Merker, who was second in command at the military outpost in Moshi at the time of Mangi Meli's execution, sent the six skulls to Germany for testing, according to activist Konradin Kunze, who spoke to the BBC.