[1][2] Ngalami ruled from the Siha seat of Komboko (Kibong'oto) in the 1880s to 1900 when he was executed in Moshi by the Germans alongside 19 other Chagga, Meru and Arusha leaders.

He moved deeper on the second raid, accompanied by Mang'aro, crossing the enormous riverine of Kikafu River into the Machame kingdom.

They were encircled, with no way out, and were all slaughtered save for a handful who managed to rush down to the plain, turn west, and climb the mountainside to Siha.

He ruled until he was hanged together with the other kings of Kilimanjaro and Meru by German authorities in 1900, giving him an unbroken reign of at least ten years.

They came from the northwest, in the direction of Ngare Nairobi, and set up camp just west of the Sanya River in the plain, near the post office, in 1964.

Further camps were established east of the Sanya in Komboko near the market centre in 1964, as well as higher up in the middle of old Samake.

[11] Before the Arabs arrived, there had been a severe famine in Maasailand, causing Maasai women and children to flee to Siha.

Subsequently, the two mangis sold their own people to the Arabs, establishing their authority by trading individuals from opposing Siha villages for weaponry.

As the people of old Samake saw the foreigners approaching, they gathered up the boards they used to bridge the protective trench that surrounded Lilio's land.

To avenge his father's death, this man's son Nkunde took the high trail around the back of the mountain to seek help from his blood brother Kinabo in Mkuu in present-day Rombo.

After a short time, Maimbe set out to seek assistance from Kinabo in Mkuu to maintain his authority, but he was reputedly killed by a lion when he arrived in Kamanga.

Sinare was a minor player in the broader scheme, and it's possible that he owed this sympathetic attention to the objectives of his friendship with Shangali.

[14] When the Germans learned of Ngalami's alleged treason on the battlefield, Sinare was ordered to capture him as soon as he returned to Samake.

Ngalami and one of his brothers were subsequently brought across the mountain to Moshi, where they were hanged alongside many other Kilimanjaro kings and noblemen.

The Mmari clan currently held the most sway and had served as Siha's rulers for Ngalami and Saiye before him.

In Samake alone, the Orio clan had intermittently provided a succession of rulers, including Kirema, Maletua, Lilio, and Maimbe.

On the other hand, Sinare's Kileo clan had a long lineage that went back to its lone ruling figure, Mmdusio.

A party sought Maanya's brother Tarawia, arguing that the Mmari clan had the right to rule as they had done before Sinare's ascension.

[19] Any Mmari clan candidate never had the opportunity to receive a fair hearing from the local official of the European administrative power, whether German or British, who made the final choice, whether in 1905 or later.

The two candidates for the throne, Jacobus and Tarawia, were called to the boma, the German administrative centre in Moshi, together with their followers.

The German officer had to rely on Hamisi Muro, a Machame man, in addition to the official interpreter in the Boma to translate the arguments of both sides from Kichagga into Swahili that he could understand.

[19] With one confusing interruption in 1919 when Matolo of the Orio clan assumed power but was swiftly deposed, Jacob's authority continued until 1920.

Jacob did not make an effort to appease the Mmari and Mwandri tribes and instead continued to rule the country from Old Samake.

[18] Although Jacob's mangi practices were not novel to Kilimanjaro, they were carried out with a sternness that eventually prompted people to complain about him to the British Administration.

A candidate from the Mmari clan named Barnaba (Ngalami's eldest son) was put forth by some, and Jacob used his power to make things complicated.

The argument was referred to Major Dundas, the newly assigned British officer at the boma(German fort).

In 1927, tax money from the Siha Native Treasury vanished, and Malamya was falsely accused of stealing a calf that the Maasai gave him after they had stolen it from some Europeans.

[20] Simeon, son of Nkunde of the Mwandri clan in Wanri was appointed as Mangi of Siha soon after, but British administrative officer F.C.

through a family member of the Machame clan named Gideon son of Nassua, indirectly governing Siha.

[21] At the newly established divisional council of Hai, the Siha people elected Simeon Kitika of the Mmari clan to represent them; Mangi Abdiel rejected their selection as inappropriate and chose Jacob in its place.