Felix Ritter[1] von Luschan (German pronunciation: [ˈfeːlɪks ˈʁɪtɐ fɔn ˈlʊʃan]; 11 August 1854 – 7 February 1924) was a medical doctor, anthropologist, explorer, archaeologist and ethnographer born in the Austrian Empire.

In this capacity he acquired one of the most important collections of Benin antiquities, ivory carvings, and bronze figures, details of which he published in his multivolume magnum opus.

Though Luschan had joined the German Society for Racial Hygiene in 1908, in his works he rejected the rising ideas of "scientific racism" and stressed the equality of the human races.

[5] In 1881 Luschan and Otto Benndorf explored the ancient Lycian region of southern Anatolia, part of the Ottoman Empire, where they excavated the Heroon of Trysa near Myra, which is now on display at the Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum.

In 1905 he and his wife Emma travelled to South Africa at the invitation of the British Science Association, and in 1913 they went to Australia, where the couple heard the news of the outbreak of the First World War in Europe and had to proceed to the neutral United States.