[1][2] After doing her undergraduate studies at the National Autonomous University of Mexico,[1] Caballero went to Pierre and Marie Curie University in France for graduate study in mathematics.
She completed a doctorat de troisième cycle in 1973, with the dissertation Quelques proprietes en theorie du potentiel in potential theory, jointly supervised by Marcel Brelot and Paul Malliavin.
[4] Already in 1964, she had begun working as an adjunct professor at the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria and as an assistant in the Faculty of Sciences at UNAM.
On completing her doctorate in 1973, she took her present position at the Institute of Mathematics.
[5] She won UNAM's Juana de Asbaje Medal in 2004.