María Laffitte y Pérez del Pulgar, Countess of Campo Alange [es] (15 August 1902 – 9 July 1986[1]) was a Spanish aristocrat, writer, art critic, women's rights activist, and founder of the Seminar on Women's Sociological Studies.

[3] She founded, directed, and sponsored the Seminar on Women's Sociological Studies (Seminario de Estudios Sociológicos de la Mujer; SESM) which, from 1960 until her death in 1986, gathered a group of professionals, university professors, and researchers, such as María Salas Larrazábal, Lilí Álvarez, and Elena Catena, dedicated to investigating the situation of women in Spain.

She collaborated closely with the most important intellectuals of the Spanish post-war period, such as Eugenio d'Ors, José Ortega y Gasset, and Gregorio Marañón, though she also had to confront their patriarchal tendencies.

María Laffitte studied and theorized about the situation of women and their subordination, and sought answers in history, anthropology, art, and science.

Her essays and research on women and the social construction of femininity are historic and continue to pose challenging questions.