The Marathon Basin was created by erosion of Cretaceous and younger strata from the crest of the uplift.

[1] Northeast trending ridges of pre-Permian Paleozoic strata in the basin were formed by the Ouachita orogeny, which also formed the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma.

The ancient faulting that produced the Llano Uplift is believed to be related to that which produced the Marathon Uplift in west Texas.

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