[1] Miller served in the Peninsula campaign as Ordnance officer of the Army of the Potomac's reserve artillery from March to August 1862.

[1] He served as mustering officer for recruits in Baltimore, Maryland from June to August 1863, after which he returned to the garrison at Fort Washington, where he remained until March 1864.

[1] From March to November 1864, Miller served on an examining board for new officers at the War Department headquarters in Washington, D.C., and Annapolis, Maryland.

[1] He then took part in the Appomattox campaign, including the Battle of Dinwiddie Court House on March 31, 1865, and an engagement at Scotts Corner on April 2, 1865.

[1] He was promoted to brevet major on March 13, 1865, in recognition of his meritorious service during the campaign from Winchester to Richmond, Virginia.

[1] Miller was on frontier duty at Fort Stevens, Oregon, from November 1872 to June 1877 and took part in the Modoc War of 1872–1873.

[1] From September 1884 to November 1886, Miller was assigned to Fort Hamilton, New York, including a leave of absence for illness from June to October 1885.

[1] From November 1886 to June 1888, Miller was inspector of rifle practice and acting ordnance officer for the Military Division of the Atlantic.

[1] Miller was promoted to colonel on April 30, 1897, and took command of the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment and the post at Fort McDowell, California.

[1] At the start of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, Miller assumed command of all the Coast Artillery forts protecting San Francisco Bay.

[1] From July to November 1898, Miller commanded the Eighth Army Corps' Independent Division and the garrison troops at The Presidio of San Francisco.

[1] From November to December 1898, Miller commanded the Independent Division of the Eighth Army Corps while en route to the Philippines.

[1] The brigade was immediately ordered to take control of the city of Iloilo on the island of Panay from Spanish troops who were departing after the end of the Spanish–American War.

[1] During this command, Miller passed an information copy of the memo describing the U.S. benevolent assimilation policy for the Philippines to local officials styling themselves as the Federal Government of the Visayas.

[4] Miller was unaware that General Elwell Otis had supplied a bowlderized version of the memo to Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo in Manila.

[5] Commemorative plaques marking unit locations during the Battle of Antietam include one for Miller and Battery G, 4th Artillery Regiment.

[9] One of several Coast Artillery gun emplacements intended to protect San Francisco Bay, the battery was located near what is now the southwest end of the Golden Gate Bridge.