Margarete Hilferding, born Hönigsberg (June 20, 1871 – September 23, 1942), was an Austrian physician and psychoanalyst.

She failed to leave Austria in time for the Anschluss, and was stripped of her apartment, placed in an old people's home and deported on June 28, 1942.

She died of exhaustion during a transfer between the Theresienstadt and Maly Trostenets camps on September 23, 1942.

Her eldest son, Karl Hilferding, was arrested by the French police as he fled the Netherlands, before being able to cross the Swiss border.

Only his second son, Peter Milford-Hilferding (de) (1908-2007), an Austrian economist, escaped to New Zealand survived.