Marine botany

Marine botany is the study of flowering vascular plant species and marine algae that live in shallow seawater of the open ocean and the littoral zone, along shorelines of the intertidal zone, coastal wetlands, and low-salinity brackish water of estuaries.

Although this group of species is small, they play a tremendous role in energy transfer, mineral cycles, and organic turnover.

These extreme environments include: high salinity lakes, thermal hot springs, and deep within the Earth's crust.

In marine ecosystems, macroalgae and microalgae make up a large portion of the photosynthetic organisms found.

[1] Some examples of what plants in this kingdom exist are mosses, ferns, seagrasses, mangroves, and salt marsh plants—the last three being the three major communities of angiosperms in marine waters.