Mariya Markovna Shkolnik (previously transliterated as Marie Sukloff, Russian: Мари́я Ма́рковна Шко́льник) (6 March 1882 - 9 April 1955) was a member of the Russian revolutionary movement that attempted to assassinate Alexei Khvostov and escaped exile in Siberia twice.

[1] Mariya Shkolnik was born to a poor, Jewish, peasant family in Borovoi-Mlin, a village in the Vilna Governorate of the Russian Empire (now in the Grodno Region of Belarus), not far from the town of Smarhon'.

She did however learn to read from the daughter of a rabbi named Hannah who would often meet with peasant girls in Vilna to teach them progressive politics and economics.

[2] Strikes and demonstrations demanding the establishment of a ten-hour working day began in Vilna when Mariya was a teenager.

In Odessa she worked in a candy factory and lived with others who shared her political ideology.