Mocciaro Li Destri, Picone & Minà (2012)[2] have underscored the subtle but important difference between the firms’ capacity to create value through correct operational choices and valid strategies, on the one hand, and the epiphenomenal manifestation of variations in stockholder value on the financial markets (notably on stock markets).
In this perspective, they suggest to implement new methodologies able to bring strategy back into financial performance measures.
USPAP does not require that all real estate appraisals be performed based on a single definition of market value.
"[9] Use value takes into account a specific use for the subject property and does not attempt to ascertain the highest and best use of the real estate.
[10] Stability and economic growth are two factors that international investors are seeking when considering investment options.
A political unrest situation can be the cause of not only loss of confidence, but a reduced value in currency, creating transfer of capital to other and more stable sources.
In the event of a government printing currency to discharge a portion of a significant amount of debt, the supply of money is increased, with an ultimate reduction in its value, aggravated by inflation.
A significant debt can prove a concern for foreign investors, should they believe there is a risk of the country defaulting on its obligations.
A declining value in the exchange rate has the effect of decreasing the purchasing power of income and capital gains, derived from any returns.
The price which the international art market was willing to pay was surely prima facie the best evidence of the foxhounds' value."