He made his senior debut in the first half of the 2011–12 season when he was loaned to Serbian League Vojvodina side Cement Beočin.

Despite the fact that at same time Vojvodina brought much older players such as Stephen Appiah and Almami Moreira to the squad in the midfield role, Poletanović managed to earn himself 12 appearances out of 15 matches during his first half season in the Serbian top flight.

On 21 January 2015, Poletanović signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Belgian Pro League club Gent.

Poletanović made his debut in an official match for Red Star on July 22, in the first round of the new season of the Superliga, in a draw against Napredak.

In his second game scored debut goal for Red Star against Metalac, in a win in the second championship round, with another good performance.