Shortly thereafter, the new State legislature created Dubois (December 1817) and Daviess (February 1818) counties.

[4][5] The hills of Martin County are largely wooded and cut with drainages;[3] the available area is devoted to agriculture, development, or is under control of the US Government - about a third of the county belongs to the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division, and about a quarter of the county belongs to Hoosier National Forest.

The highest point (870 feet/270 meters ASL) is in Mitcheltree Township, within NSA Crane.

[6] The East Fork of the White River flows southwestward through the lower part of the county.

They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending.

The commissioners execute the acts legislated by the council, collect revenue, and manage the county government.

The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association.

[11] County Officials: The county has other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk.

[13] As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 10,334 people, 4,216 households, and 2,832 families in the county.